With all three of Australia's mobile telcos trialling LTE, the big question is when – or if – they will consider a commercial deployment of the technology.
Spectrum and device availability were key concerns raised by all three telcos in iTnews' investigation.
But there was also an emphasis on sweating existing HSPA assets before they started moving across to LTE.
"Optus has not yet made a decision on when it would roll out commercial LTE services," Smith said. "A major consideration is when LTE devices become widely available in the appropriate spectrum band."
Most telco and vendor representatives believed HSPA would have a place in the LTE future, something that was supported by overseas business models.
For example, TeliaSonera offered dual-mode dongles that that allowed users to experience LTE speeds in coverage areas, but fell back to the 3G network when they moved outside of an LTE coverage zone, according to Ericsson's Chaisatien.
The dual-mode product cost about $55 a month for 20 GB of data at peak speeds of 16 Mbps.
By contrast, TeliaSonera's full LTE service offered 30GB of data for about $90 a month at peak speeds of 80 to 100 Mbps. The service would be available in 28 cities by the end of the year and 228 cities by the end of 2011, Chaisatien said.
Similarly, Verizon's "4G LTE" network used dongles that were backwards-compatible with its existing EV-DO 3G network.
Optus' Smith told iTnews that HSPA/HSPA+ had "a long future [yet] in supporting mobile and wireless broadband services".
"LTE will be complementary to HSPA, providing more capacity and higher data rates," he said.
Likewise, VHA's spokesman told iTnews: "HSPA+ has unrealised potential for VHA".
"Until such time as LTE is ubiquitous, HSPA+ will have a place, especially in low-band spectrum including the 850 and 900 [MHz] bands," the spokesman said.
And Telstra's Wright said there was a "fair bit of gas left in the HSPA tank" when it came to Next G. He said that any decision to go down the LTE path would be balanced against device availability volumes, the amount of capital investment required, demand analysis and Telstra's understanding of "what the rest of the world was doing" in deploying LTE in different spectrum bands.
The vendors also agreed there was a "lot of life" left in HSPA networks.
"Capacity improvements will continue in parallel with LTE development and rollouts," Huawei wireless solutions manager Terry Walsh said.
"Most operators will have to look at a break point where they switch across [to LTE] or continue to evolve their HSPA networks".
It was unclear where that break point would be. Ericsson was another vendor known to have been actively discussing with carriers how to sweat their HSPA assets.
Ericsson's Chaisatien expected LTE to become "the mass market dominant [wireless broadband] technology in the next 4-5 years", based on carriers' previous experiences with HSPA rollout.
Upgrade path
Part of managing any transition from HSPA to LTE was understanding the nature of upgrades that were required.
Several vendors touted systems they said enabled telcos to perform mostly soft upgrades to their networks to take advantage of LTE.
Huawei said its Single RAN solution required a soft upgrade to the radio unit and a card upgrade in the baseband unit.
Ericsson A/NZ strategic marketing manager Kursten Leins said that users of its "latest generation of radio equipment" could similarly "effectively reuse the majority of their equipment."
"It's effectively a software upgrade," he said.
Users of earlier GSM and 3G base station technology would need to perform both hardware and software upgrades, he said.
Vividwireless chief Martin Mercer told iTnews his company's trial of Huawei kit was partially aimed at testing the software upgradeability claims.
"We're testing Huawei's promises that they are software upgradeable [from WiMAX] to TD-LTE," he said.
Stay tuned for part three of iTnews' LTE investigation on Wednesday where we will examine the TDD flavour of LTE.
