Post-quantum cryptography algorithms named

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NIST readies future standard.

America’s National Institute of Standards and Technology has named the first four encryption algorithms it believes will survive the advent of quantum computing.

Post-quantum cryptography algorithms named

At some point, quantum computers are expected to pose a threat to current encryption, because some quantum algorithms (Shor’s algorithm, for example) can factor large prime numbers quickly.

That led NIST to launch a search for algorithms that are resistant to quantum factorisation in 2016, with a view to including them in its eventual post-quantum cryptography standardisation project.

The algorithms that will make it into the standard so far are named CRYSTALS-Kyber,  CRYSTALS-Dilithium, FALCON and SPHINCS+.

NIST says the four algorithms “rely on math problems that both conventional and quantum computers should have difficulty solving”.

It describes CRYSTALS-Kyber as a “general encryption” scheme suitable for information passing over the Internet.

The other three are for digital signature applications: CRYSTALS-Dilithium is nominated as the primary algorithm, FALCON is more lightweight, and while larger and slower, SPHINCS+ takes a different mathematical approach to the other two.

All of the algorithms are available for download.

NIST has another four algorithms under consolidation, for announcement at a future date.

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