The retirement will leave the US without orbital capacity for at least four years, until the Ares booster programme is complete. European and Russian launchers will service the space station in the meantime.
The replacement systems will include the Ares I rocket which will deliver crew to the station and the Ares V heavy lifter, which will carry 287,000 lb of cargo each trip and will eventually be used for a planned moon landing in 2020.
The shuttle program was signed off in 1972 by President Nixon and was the first attempt to build a reusable space craft that would cut the cost of moving equipment into space. Each craft carries a crew of seven and a payload of 50,000lb into orbit.
Originally four shuttles were planed: Columbia, Challenger, Discovery and Atlantis. However, after the destruction of Challenger in 1986 a new shuttle, Endeavour, was built out of spare parts. Columbia was lost on re-entry in 2003.
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iTnews Executive Retreat - Security Leaders Edition
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