According to a Reuters report, the European Commission wants to know whether the licensing terms of the rival next-generation DVD formats could break EU competition rules.
HD-DVD was created by Toshiba, while Blu-ray was developed by a Sony-led consortium that includes Philips, Samsung and Sharp.
The investigation is still at an informal stage, but may spark a formal inquiry if the Commission decides that the licensing terms break EU competition law.
"We sent a letter earlier this month to the makers of HD-DVD and Blu-ray to request information about licensing," said a Commission spokesman.
The Commission has declined to name the companies involved, but Sony confirmed in a statement that it had received inquiries and that it is co-operating with the Commission.
"There are no indications of any complaint, nor of any antitrust concerns on the part of the Commission or anyone else," said Sony in a statement.
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